Neurofeedback: A Non-Invasive, Drug-Free Approach to Brain Training
 

Neurofeedback, also known as EEG Biofeedback, is a cutting-edge, non-invasive method for training the brain to function in a more balanced and healthy way. It is a simple and enjoyable learning modality that helps shift how the brain produces and distributes its electrical energy.
 

The brain's electrical activity is divided into four primary frequency bands—Delta, Theta, Alpha, and Beta. These "Frequency Bands" give us insight into which parts of the brain are active and which frequencies the brain should be using to complete various tasks or operate optimally during different states of mind.

Frequency Bands and Their Role in Daily Life
 

Every day, our brain relies on specific frequency bands depending on the task at hand. For instance, during activities that require focus and alertness, like balancing a checkbook or following instructions in class, the brain uses the faster frequency known as Beta. When it's time to relax after a long day, the brain shifts to the slower Alpha frequency to help induce a sense of calm.
 

The goal of Neurofeedback is to enhance the brain's ability to self-regulate, maintain flexibility, and seamlessly shift between states of relaxation and alertness. Since the brain also governs attention, emotional regulation, and affect regulation, this process helps the entire Central Nervous System return to normal functioning.

Neurofeedback Training Sessions
 

During Neurofeedback sessions, individuals are connected to a computer through sensors and wires, allowing the technology to monitor their brainwave activity. The software detects when the brainwaves are properly regulated and provides real-time feedback. This feedback appears in the form of a game, movie, or sound that signals to the patient when their brainwaves are becoming more organized.

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The exciting part is that the patient's own brainwaves control the game, movie, or sound. By observing this dynamic interaction, the brain learns how to improve its regulation, ultimately helping to enhance brain function and overall well-being.

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How Do I Start with Neurofeedback?

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The journey to neurofeedback therapy begins with a comprehensive assessment. This assessment allows our providers to evaluate whether your brainwave patterns deviate from normal. Based on the results of your brain map, we will then create a personalized restorative plan of care tailored to your needs.

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Each assessment also provides our providers with specific neurofeedback training protocols, designed to retrain your brainwave patterns toward a more balanced state. Rebalancing these brainwaves helps restore health, healing, and functionality, ultimately delivering lasting results.

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Which Frequency Band & Areas of the Brain to Train

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The qEEG report is the assessment process that allows us to determine the brainwave patterns by gathering information about the electrical activity in specific areas of the brain. To do this, we place a cap with sensors on your head to measure the brainwave activity of various frequency bands. This process takes about 10 minutes: first with your eyes closed for approximately 5 minutes, then with your eyes open for another 5 minutes.

The equipment analyzes this information and generates a Brain Map—a series of images that show which areas of the brain may be too active or underactive. This Brain Map provides an invaluable overview of your brain's current functioning, which will be used alongside the information you provide to develop a personalized neurofeedback training plan.

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How is Neurofeedback Done?

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During a neurofeedback session, sensors are placed on the head and ears to record the brainwave activity. High-tech equipment amplifies the electrical impulses and breaks them into the four key frequency bands: Delta, Theta, Alpha, and Beta. A customized protocol is then developed using sophisticated computer software to address the individual’s unique needs.

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While training, the Neurofeedback Clinician views the raw EEG signal as well as the chosen frequency bands. Exercises can be done with either eyes open or closed. With eyes open, the client watches a video or plays a game. The video fades in and out depending on whether the brain is increasing the desired brainwave frequency.

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Why Does Neurofeedback Work?

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Neurofeedback capitalizes on the brain’s ability to change itself, a process known as Neuroplasticity. It uses the same learning process that occurs when we acquire new skills. The brain forms new connections between nerve cells and strengthens pathways that connect different areas of the brain. The more frequently these pathways are used, the better the brain becomes at performing the associated tasks.

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In psychology, this type of learning is referred to as Operant Conditioning—a process where responses are controlled by their consequences. Simply put, Neurofeedback creates the ideal learning environment. It enhances awareness of when the brain produces healthy brainwave patterns, reinforces positive changes, and provides ample opportunities for practice during each session.

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What Does it Mean – Slow, Idle, Fast?

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Slow Processing:
The brain produces higher magnitudes of delta and theta waves when it is in a slow processing state, such as when it is relaxed or in deep sleep. Delta represents the slowest processing speed (1-4Hz), while theta (4-7Hz) is associated with deep relaxation. Theta waves are consistently produced during states of deep relaxation and are essential for restorative processes.

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Idle Processing:
The brain generates higher magnitudes of alpha waves when in an idle state. Alpha waves (8-12Hz) are often referred to as the "idle brainwave" because they represent a state of relaxed alertness. When the brain is healthy and well-regulated, it produces more alpha waves on the right side of the brain than the left.

 

Fast Processing:
The brain produces higher magnitudes of beta waves when externally focused, alert, and engaged in activities requiring concentration, critical thinking, or problem-solving. Beta waves (12-30Hz) represent the fastest processing speed, and when the brain is well-regulated, it typically produces more beta waves on the left side of the brain than the right.

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What Conditions & Why Are So Many Different Ones Helped by Neurofeedback?

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Many disorders arise from dysfunctional brainwave patterns. Recent research has demonstrated that the brain is capable of restructuring itself and learning more adaptive patterns at any age, making the possibility of symptom improvement much more attainable. Neurofeedback doesn't target specific disorders but rather focuses on rebalancing brainwave activity to promote overall brain health and functionality.

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Neurofeedback helps to change imbalances and alter brain pathways, which is particularly evident in cases of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), stroke, or other physical trauma to the brain. Whether certain areas of the brain are overactive or underactive, Neurofeedback encourages the brain to self-regulate, producing healthier brainwave patterns that lead to positive changes in thinking, behavior, and overall mental functioning.

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Delta/Theta Imbalance

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An imbalance in the Delta/Theta frequency bands can lead to the following conditions:

• Cognitive Impairment

• Impulsivity

• Hyperactivity

• Attention and Focus Issues

• Socially Inappropriate Behaviors

• Easily Distracted

• Excessive Speech

• Disorganized Thinking

• Hyper-emotional Responses

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

• Dementia

• Asperger's Syndrome

 

Alpha Imbalance

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An imbalance in the Alpha frequency band is often associated with:

• Negative Moods

• Victim Mentality

• Excessive Self-Concern

• Passive-Aggressive Behavior

• Irritability

• Avoidance Behavior

• Rumination

• Anger

• Self-Deprecation

• Agitation

• Fibromyalgia

• Withdrawal Behavior

 

Beta Imbalance

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An imbalance in the Beta frequency band can contribute to:

• Mental Stress

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Headaches

• Sleep Issues

• Obsessive Thinking

• Excessive Rationalization

• Poor Emotional Self-awareness

• Panic Attacks

• Worry

• Chronic Pain

• Hyper-vigilance

• Dislike of Change

• Restlessness